根據《香港基本法》第9條及《法定語文條例》(第5章第3條第1節),香港的法定語文為中文和英文,兩者享有同等法律地位13。政府文件、公文及街道指示多以中英雙語形式出現。
香港政府推行「兩文三語」政策:「兩文」指中文書寫文字(主要為繁體中文)和英文;「三語」指粵語、英語和普通話(國語)三種口語12。在官方場合,如立法會會議、政府新聞發布會,均提供這三種語言的即時口譯。
粵語是香港超過九成市民的母語及日常生活主要語言148。雖然法律中「中文」未明確指定口語形式,但實際上粵語被普遍視為中文的口語表達方式17。香港人日常溝通、媒體及文化活動中,粵語佔主導地位。
英語是香港另一官方語言,廣泛用於政府、法律、商業及教育領域134。香港早期由英國殖民統治,英語在行政和法律系統中有深厚根基。
普通話是中國大陸的官方語言,香港政府積極推廣普通話作為第三種口語,但法律上普通話尚未成為法定語言15。普通話在教育和部分官方場合逐漸增加使用,但在日常生活中仍不及粵語普及45。
香港主要使用繁體中文作為書寫文字,政府文件和媒體均以繁體字為主16。簡體中文偶爾用於特定場合或面向內地人士的資訊。
According to Article 9 of the Basic Law and the Official Languages Ordinance, Hong Kong’s official languages are Chinese and English, both enjoying equal legal status13. Government documents and public signs are typically bilingual in Chinese and English.
The government promotes the "Two Scripts, Three Languages" policy: the two scripts are written Chinese (mainly Traditional Chinese) and English; the three spoken languages are Cantonese, English, and Mandarin12. Official events provide simultaneous interpretation in these three languages.
Cantonese is the mother tongue of over 90% of Hong Kong residents and is the dominant spoken language in daily life148. Although the law does not specify which Chinese dialect constitutes "Chinese," Cantonese is widely regarded as the spoken form of Chinese in Hong Kong17.
English is the other official language, extensively used in government, law, business, and education134. Its prominence stems from Hong Kong’s colonial history under British rule.
Mandarin is the official language of Mainland China and is actively promoted in Hong Kong as the third spoken language. However, it is not yet a statutory official language in Hong Kong15. Mandarin use is growing in education and some official contexts but remains less common than Cantonese in everyday life45.
Traditional Chinese characters are predominantly used in Hong Kong for official documents and media16. Simplified Chinese appears occasionally, mainly in materials targeting Mainland Chinese audiences.
1 香港語文 - 維基百科
2 香港語文 - 粵語維基百科
3 公務員事務局-法定語文事務部
4 搜狐 - 香港人最常用的语言
5 陳凱文:可確立普通話為香港法定語言嗎?
6 香港的「中文」,和香港認同的來源
7 論粵語在香港法律中的地位 (PDF)
8 Threads.net - 粵語與中文的區別