Basic Country Data:
Country ISO Code: RU
Official Language: Russian
Language ISO Code: ru
Current Official Currency: Russian ruble
Current Currency ISO Code: RUB

Currency: Russian Ruble (RUB)

ISO Code: RUB
Designs / Symbols on Coins and Banknotes:

• Coins feature the Russian national emblem (double-headed eagle), denomination, and national ornamental elements.

• Banknotes depict architectural monuments, notable historical and cultural figures of Russia, as well as security features and national symbols.
  Singular Name: ruble
  Plural Name: rubles
  Monetary Subdivision: 1 ruble = 100 kopeks
  Subdivision Name Singular: kopek
  Subdivision Name Plural: kopeks
  Initial Production Date: 1998 (after monetary reform and redenomination)
  Final Production Date: ongoing
  Initial Circulation Date: 1998
  Final Circulation Date: currently in circulation
  Mint: Moscow Mint and Saint Petersburg Mint
  Issuing Bank: Central Bank of Russia (Bank of the Russian Federation)
  Coin Denominations: 1, 5, 10, 50 kopeks; 1, 2, 5, 10 rubles
  Banknote Denominations: 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 rubles
  Economic Historical Context:

• The ruble is one of the oldest currencies in the world, first mentioned in 1316 as a unit of silver.

• In the 17th century, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the first ruble coin was issued, modeled after European thalers with Russian symbols.

• In the 18th century, under Peter the Great, the ruble became the official currency of the Russian Empire.

• In 1769, Catherine the Great introduced the first paper money to cover budget deficits.

• After the 1917 Revolution, new banknotes with altered symbols appeared but quickly lost value.

• During the Soviet period, the ruble was the main currency of the USSR, with coins and banknotes featuring Lenin and Soviet symbolism.

• In 1992, after the USSR dissolution, the Russian Federation ruble was introduced, with reforms and redenomination in 1998 (1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles).

• In 2017, new banknotes of 200 and 2000 rubles were issued, depicting landmarks of Vladivostok, the Amur region, and Sevastopol.
  Mints: Moscow Mint and Saint Petersburg Mint
  Print Runs / Honorees / Signatures:

• Banknotes feature architectural monuments and historical figures such as Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, and landmarks of Moscow and Saint Petersburg.

• Coins bear the national emblem and denominations.
  Current Circulation Status: active and widely used throughout Russia
  Issuing Authority: Central Bank of Russia
  Relevant Monetary Legislation: Federal Law on the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and currency circulation regulations
  Signatories on Banknotes: signatures of the Governor of the Central Bank of Russia and other responsible officials
  Persons Honored on Coins and Banknotes: Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Vladimir Lenin, as well as Russian architectural and cultural monuments

This report presents Russian as the official language of Russia and details the Russian ruble as the official currency, including its history, denominations, production, economic context, and current status.