Guatemala
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Complete Financial Report of Guatemala
Basic Information
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Country ISO Code: GT
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Official Language: Spanish
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Language ISO Code: es
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Current Official Currency: Guatemalan Quetzal
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Currency ISO Code: GTQ
Monetary History of Guatemala
Current Official Currency: Quetzal (GTQ)
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ISO Code: GTQ
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Singular Name: quetzal
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Plural Name: quetzales
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Subdivision: 1 quetzal = 100 cents
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Fraction Name (singular): cent
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Fraction Name (plural): cents
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Date of First Production: 1925
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Date of First Circulation: 1925
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Mint: Guatemala Mint
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Issuing Bank: Bank of Guatemala
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Coin Denominations Currently Minted: 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 cents; 1 quetzal
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Banknote Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 quetzales
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Current Status: actively circulating currency
Previous Currencies and Historical Context
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Prior to the quetzal, Guatemala used the Guatemalan peso and Spanish colonial reales.
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The quetzal was introduced in 1925 during the presidency of José María Orellana, replacing the peso.
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Initially, the quetzal was pegged 1:1 to the US dollar until 1987, when Guatemala transitioned to democracy and loosened the peg.
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Early quetzal coins were minted in silver and copper, including denominations of 1, 5, 10 cents, ¼, ½, and 1 quetzal.
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In 1965, nickel coins replaced the silver ones.
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The first banknotes were issued by the Central Bank of Guatemala in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 quetzales, with a ½ quetzal note introduced in 1933.
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Since 1946, the Bank of Guatemala has had exclusive authority to issue banknotes.
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The banknotes feature Mayan numerals in the upper left corner as a tribute to Guatemalan culture.
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In 1992, a commemorative coin was issued to mark the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America.
Economic Context
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The quetzal is a strong symbol of national identity and economic stability in Guatemala.
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It is widely used in daily transactions and international trade, often exchanged with the US dollar.
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The Bank of Guatemala is responsible for monetary policy and currency issuance.
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The monetary system has undergone reforms to maintain stability and control inflation, especially after the democratic transition in 1987.
Summary Table
| Currency | ISO Code | Circulation Period | Current Status | Subdivision | Issuing Authority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quetzal | GTQ | Since 1925 to present | In circulation | 1 quetzal = 100 cents | Bank of Guatemala |
| Guatemalan Peso (former) | - | Until 1925 | Out of circulation | 1 peso = 100 cents | Central Bank of Guatemala (before quetzal) |
This report has been prepared in International English as requested, based on the available historical and financial information about Guatemala’s currency.
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