Angola - Inglês
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Clique para ouvir o texto completoCertainly! Here is the complete historical financial report of Angola translated into English:
Basic Information: Angola
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Country ISO Code: AO
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Official Language: Portuguese
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Language ISO Code: pt
History of Currencies Circulated in Angola
1. Macuta
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ISO Code: Not applicable (before modern standardization)
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Singular Name: macuta
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Plural Name: macutas
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Subdivision: 1 macuta = 40 réis or 2000 cowrie shells
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Singular Fraction Name: Not applicable
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Plural Fraction Name: Not applicable
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Production Start Date: 1762
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Production End Date: 1861
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Circulation Start Date: 1762
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Circulation End Date: 1861
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Minted Coin Values: Not detailed; macuta coins were the basic unit
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Banknote Values: Not applicable (metallic currency)
2. Portuguese Real (Réis)
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ISO Code: PTM (before introduction of the escudo)
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Singular Name: real
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Plural Name: réis
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Subdivision: Non-decimal
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Singular Fraction Name: Not applicable
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Plural Fraction Name: Not applicable
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Production Start Date: Until 1861 (circulated in Angola during colonial period)
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Production End Date: 1861 (replaced by the Macuta and later the Escudo)
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Circulation Start Date: Colonial period
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Circulation End Date: 1861
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Minted Coin Values: Not detailed
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Banknote Values: Not applicable
3. Mil Réis and Angolan Escudo (1st Issue)
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ISO Code: AOE (Angolan Escudo)
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Singular Name: escudo
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Plural Name: escudos
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Subdivision: 1 escudo = 100 centavos
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Singular Fraction Name: centavo
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Plural Fraction Name: centavos
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Production Start Date: 1914
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Production End Date: 1927
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Circulation Start Date: 1914
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Circulation End Date: 1927
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Minted Coin Values: 10, 20, 50 centavos; 1, 2½, 5, 10, 20 escudos
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Banknote Values: 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 escudos
4. Angolar
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ISO Code: AOA (Angolar)
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Singular Name: angolar
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Plural Name: angolares
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Subdivision: 1 angolar = 100 centavos
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Singular Fraction Name: centavo
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Plural Fraction Name: centavos
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Production Start Date: 1928
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Production End Date: 1958
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Circulation Start Date: 1928
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Circulation End Date: 1958
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Minted Coin Values: Similar denominations as escudo, continuing centavos
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Banknote Values: Issued in 1926 and 1927, with exchange rate 1.25 escudos = 1 angolar
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Note: Angolar was created to combat counterfeiting and was pegged to Portuguese escudo
5. Angolan Escudo (2nd Issue)
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ISO Code: AOS (Angolan Escudo)
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Singular Name: escudo
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Plural Name: escudos
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Subdivision: 1 escudo = 100 centavos
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Singular Fraction Name: centavo
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Plural Fraction Name: centavos
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Production Start Date: 1958
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Production End Date: 1977
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Circulation Start Date: 1958
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Circulation End Date: 1977
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Minted Coin Values: 10, 20, 50 centavos; 1, 2½, 5, 10, 20 escudos
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Banknote Values: 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 escudos
6. Kwanza (1st Kwanza)
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ISO Code: AOK
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Singular Name: kwanza
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Plural Name: kwanzas
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Subdivision: 1 kwanza = 100 lwei
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Singular Fraction Name: lwei
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Plural Fraction Name: lwei
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Production Start Date: 1977
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Production End Date: 1990
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Circulation Start Date: 1977
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Circulation End Date: 1990
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Minted Coin Values: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 kwanzas
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Banknote Values: 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 kwanzas
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Note: Introduced after independence to replace the escudo
7. Novo Kwanza (2nd Kwanza)
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ISO Code: AON
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Singular Name: novo kwanza
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Plural Name: novos kwanzas
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Subdivision: 1 novo kwanza = 100 lwei
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Singular Fraction Name: lwei
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Plural Fraction Name: lwei
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Production Start Date: 1990
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Production End Date: 1995
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Circulation Start Date: 1990
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Circulation End Date: 1995
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Minted Coin Values: Not widely used due to inflation
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Banknote Values: Various denominations with restrictions on conversion to control inflation
8. Kwanza Reajustado (3rd Kwanza)
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ISO Code: AOR
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Singular Name: kwanza reajustado
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Plural Name: kwanzas reajustados
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Subdivision: 1 kwanza reajustado = 100 lwei
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Singular Fraction Name: lwei
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Plural Fraction Name: lwei
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Production Start Date: 1995
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Production End Date: 1999
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Circulation Start Date: 1995
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Circulation End Date: 1999
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Minted Coin Values: Not widely used
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Banknote Values: Higher denominations due to inflation
9. Current Kwanza (4th Kwanza)
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ISO Code: AOA
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Singular Name: kwanza
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Plural Name: kwanzas
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Subdivision: 1 kwanza = 100 lwei
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Singular Fraction Name: lwei
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Plural Fraction Name: lwei
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Production Start Date: 1999
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Production End Date: In circulation
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Circulation Start Date: 1999
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Circulation End Date: In circulation
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Minted Coin Values: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 kwanzas
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Banknote Values: 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 kwanzas
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Note: Gradual stabilization after hyperinflation and civil war; new polymer banknotes issued since 2020
Additional Information
Economic Historical Context
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Angola was a Portuguese colony from 1575 until independence in 1975.
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During the colonial period, currency fluctuated between the real, escudo, angolar, and escudo again, always tied to the Portuguese economy.
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After independence, the kwanza was created to assert economic sovereignty, but the country faced hyperinflation, civil war, and economic instability.
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Multiple monetary reforms were undertaken to control inflation and stabilize the currency, including successive redenominations.
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The current kwanza stabilized after the civil war ended in 2002 but remains volatile due to oil dependence.
Mint Locations / Production Sites
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Coins and banknotes were initially produced in Portugal and Angola by colonial banks; after independence, by the National Bank of Angola.
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Since 2020, Angola issues modern polymer banknotes.
Designs / Symbols / Abbreviations
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Coins feature national symbols, Angolan flora and fauna, and historical figures.
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Banknotes highlight the first president Agostinho Neto, cultural and natural elements of the country.
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Kwanza symbol: Kz or simply K.
Print Runs / Quantities / Honorees / Seals
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Specific print run data is not publicly available.
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Agostinho Neto is the most honored figure on banknotes since independence.
Curiosities / Commemorative Coins
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Commemorative coins have been issued on national occasions and to celebrate cultural heritage.
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The 2020 polymer series brought greater durability and security to banknotes.
Current Circulation Status
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The current kwanza (AOA) is actively circulating.
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Fractional coins (lwei) have limited use due to inflation.
Issuing Authority
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National Bank of Angola is the issuing and regulatory authority.
Relevant Monetary Legislation
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Post-independence laws established the National Bank of Angola and national monetary policy.
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Monetary reforms between 1990 and 2000 regulated inflation control and restored currency confidence.
Names and Positions of Banknote Signatories
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Typical signatures include the President of the National Bank of Angola and the Bank Governor.
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Agostinho Neto appears as a central figure on banknotes but not as a signatory.
List of People Honored on Coins and Banknotes
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Agostinho Neto (first president)
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Other independence leaders and Angolan cultural figures
This report provides a detailed overview of Angola’s monetary evolution, from colonial coins to the current kwanza, including technical, historical, and cultural information.
If you want, I can prepare the report for the next country or assist with any other request!
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