Países da África

Angola - Inglês

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Certainly! Here is the complete historical financial report of Angola translated into English:


Basic Information: Angola

  • Country ISO Code: AO

  • Official Language: Portuguese

  • Language ISO Code: pt


History of Currencies Circulated in Angola

1. Macuta

  • ISO Code: Not applicable (before modern standardization)

  • Singular Name: macuta

  • Plural Name: macutas

  • Subdivision: 1 macuta = 40 réis or 2000 cowrie shells

  • Singular Fraction Name: Not applicable

  • Plural Fraction Name: Not applicable

  • Production Start Date: 1762

  • Production End Date: 1861

  • Circulation Start Date: 1762

  • Circulation End Date: 1861

  • Minted Coin Values: Not detailed; macuta coins were the basic unit

  • Banknote Values: Not applicable (metallic currency)

2. Portuguese Real (Réis)

  • ISO Code: PTM (before introduction of the escudo)

  • Singular Name: real

  • Plural Name: réis

  • Subdivision: Non-decimal

  • Singular Fraction Name: Not applicable

  • Plural Fraction Name: Not applicable

  • Production Start Date: Until 1861 (circulated in Angola during colonial period)

  • Production End Date: 1861 (replaced by the Macuta and later the Escudo)

  • Circulation Start Date: Colonial period

  • Circulation End Date: 1861

  • Minted Coin Values: Not detailed

  • Banknote Values: Not applicable

3. Mil Réis and Angolan Escudo (1st Issue)

  • ISO Code: AOE (Angolan Escudo)

  • Singular Name: escudo

  • Plural Name: escudos

  • Subdivision: 1 escudo = 100 centavos

  • Singular Fraction Name: centavo

  • Plural Fraction Name: centavos

  • Production Start Date: 1914

  • Production End Date: 1927

  • Circulation Start Date: 1914

  • Circulation End Date: 1927

  • Minted Coin Values: 10, 20, 50 centavos; 1, 2½, 5, 10, 20 escudos

  • Banknote Values: 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 escudos

4. Angolar

  • ISO Code: AOA (Angolar)

  • Singular Name: angolar

  • Plural Name: angolares

  • Subdivision: 1 angolar = 100 centavos

  • Singular Fraction Name: centavo

  • Plural Fraction Name: centavos

  • Production Start Date: 1928

  • Production End Date: 1958

  • Circulation Start Date: 1928

  • Circulation End Date: 1958

  • Minted Coin Values: Similar denominations as escudo, continuing centavos

  • Banknote Values: Issued in 1926 and 1927, with exchange rate 1.25 escudos = 1 angolar

  • Note: Angolar was created to combat counterfeiting and was pegged to Portuguese escudo

5. Angolan Escudo (2nd Issue)

  • ISO Code: AOS (Angolan Escudo)

  • Singular Name: escudo

  • Plural Name: escudos

  • Subdivision: 1 escudo = 100 centavos

  • Singular Fraction Name: centavo

  • Plural Fraction Name: centavos

  • Production Start Date: 1958

  • Production End Date: 1977

  • Circulation Start Date: 1958

  • Circulation End Date: 1977

  • Minted Coin Values: 10, 20, 50 centavos; 1, 2½, 5, 10, 20 escudos

  • Banknote Values: 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 escudos

6. Kwanza (1st Kwanza)

  • ISO Code: AOK

  • Singular Name: kwanza

  • Plural Name: kwanzas

  • Subdivision: 1 kwanza = 100 lwei

  • Singular Fraction Name: lwei

  • Plural Fraction Name: lwei

  • Production Start Date: 1977

  • Production End Date: 1990

  • Circulation Start Date: 1977

  • Circulation End Date: 1990

  • Minted Coin Values: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 kwanzas

  • Banknote Values: 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 kwanzas

  • Note: Introduced after independence to replace the escudo

7. Novo Kwanza (2nd Kwanza)

  • ISO Code: AON

  • Singular Name: novo kwanza

  • Plural Name: novos kwanzas

  • Subdivision: 1 novo kwanza = 100 lwei

  • Singular Fraction Name: lwei

  • Plural Fraction Name: lwei

  • Production Start Date: 1990

  • Production End Date: 1995

  • Circulation Start Date: 1990

  • Circulation End Date: 1995

  • Minted Coin Values: Not widely used due to inflation

  • Banknote Values: Various denominations with restrictions on conversion to control inflation

8. Kwanza Reajustado (3rd Kwanza)

  • ISO Code: AOR

  • Singular Name: kwanza reajustado

  • Plural Name: kwanzas reajustados

  • Subdivision: 1 kwanza reajustado = 100 lwei

  • Singular Fraction Name: lwei

  • Plural Fraction Name: lwei

  • Production Start Date: 1995

  • Production End Date: 1999

  • Circulation Start Date: 1995

  • Circulation End Date: 1999

  • Minted Coin Values: Not widely used

  • Banknote Values: Higher denominations due to inflation

9. Current Kwanza (4th Kwanza)

  • ISO Code: AOA

  • Singular Name: kwanza

  • Plural Name: kwanzas

  • Subdivision: 1 kwanza = 100 lwei

  • Singular Fraction Name: lwei

  • Plural Fraction Name: lwei

  • Production Start Date: 1999

  • Production End Date: In circulation

  • Circulation Start Date: 1999

  • Circulation End Date: In circulation

  • Minted Coin Values: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 kwanzas

  • Banknote Values: 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 kwanzas

  • Note: Gradual stabilization after hyperinflation and civil war; new polymer banknotes issued since 2020


Additional Information

Economic Historical Context

  • Angola was a Portuguese colony from 1575 until independence in 1975.

  • During the colonial period, currency fluctuated between the real, escudo, angolar, and escudo again, always tied to the Portuguese economy.

  • After independence, the kwanza was created to assert economic sovereignty, but the country faced hyperinflation, civil war, and economic instability.

  • Multiple monetary reforms were undertaken to control inflation and stabilize the currency, including successive redenominations.

  • The current kwanza stabilized after the civil war ended in 2002 but remains volatile due to oil dependence.

Mint Locations / Production Sites

  • Coins and banknotes were initially produced in Portugal and Angola by colonial banks; after independence, by the National Bank of Angola.

  • Since 2020, Angola issues modern polymer banknotes.

Designs / Symbols / Abbreviations

  • Coins feature national symbols, Angolan flora and fauna, and historical figures.

  • Banknotes highlight the first president Agostinho Neto, cultural and natural elements of the country.

  • Kwanza symbol: Kz or simply K.

Print Runs / Quantities / Honorees / Seals

  • Specific print run data is not publicly available.

  • Agostinho Neto is the most honored figure on banknotes since independence.

Curiosities / Commemorative Coins

  • Commemorative coins have been issued on national occasions and to celebrate cultural heritage.

  • The 2020 polymer series brought greater durability and security to banknotes.

Current Circulation Status

  • The current kwanza (AOA) is actively circulating.

  • Fractional coins (lwei) have limited use due to inflation.

Issuing Authority

  • National Bank of Angola is the issuing and regulatory authority.

Relevant Monetary Legislation

  • Post-independence laws established the National Bank of Angola and national monetary policy.

  • Monetary reforms between 1990 and 2000 regulated inflation control and restored currency confidence.

Names and Positions of Banknote Signatories

  • Typical signatures include the President of the National Bank of Angola and the Bank Governor.

  • Agostinho Neto appears as a central figure on banknotes but not as a signatory.

List of People Honored on Coins and Banknotes

  • Agostinho Neto (first president)

  • Other independence leaders and Angolan cultural figures


This report provides a detailed overview of Angola’s monetary evolution, from colonial coins to the current kwanza, including technical, historical, and cultural information.


If you want, I can prepare the report for the next country or assist with any other request!

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