Commonwealth of Australia (inglês)
Basic Data:
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Country ISO Code: AU
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Official Language: English
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Language ISO Code: en
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Current Official Currency: Australian Dollar
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Current Currency ISO Code: AUD
Complete Financial History of the Australian Dollar:
Official Currency: Australian Dollar (AUD)
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Currency ISO Code: AUD
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Designs / Symbols: Coins feature images of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and native Australian fauna and flora on the reverse; banknotes depict notable Australian figures, cultural symbols, and native animals. The currency symbol is "$" or "A$" to distinguish it from other dollar currencies.
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Singular Name: dollar
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Plural Name: dollars
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Monetary Subdivision: 1 dollar = 100 cents
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Fraction Name Singular: cent
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Fraction Name Plural: cents
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Initial Production Date: 1966 (decimal currency introduced)
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End Production Date: still in circulation
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Initial Circulation Date: 14 February 1966
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End Circulation Date: still in circulation
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Mint: Royal Australian Mint (established 1965), Canberra
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Issuing Bank: Reserve Bank of Australia
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Coin Denominations Currently Minted: 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1 and 2 dollars
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Banknote Denominations Currently Issued: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 dollars
Historical and Economic Context:
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Prior to Federation in 1901, six Australian colonies had separate currencies modeled on the British system, exchangeable one-to-one.
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The Australian pound was introduced in 1910, pegged at par to the British pound sterling, divided into 20 shillings and 240 pence.
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In 1931, the Australian pound was devalued by 25% relative to the British pound.
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Decimalisation was adopted on 14 February 1966, replacing the Australian pound with the Australian dollar at a rate of 2 dollars = 1 pound.
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The Reserve Bank of Australia introduced polymer banknotes in 1988, enhancing durability and security against counterfeiting.
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The Australian dollar is among the world’s most traded currencies, influenced by commodity exports and economic ties with Asia, particularly China.
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The currency has experienced fluctuations but remains stable, supported by Australia’s strong political and economic systems.
Mints / Production Locations:
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The Royal Australian Mint in Canberra is the sole producer of Australian coins.
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Banknotes are printed by Note Printing Australia, a subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Australia.
Designs / Symbols on Coins and Banknotes:
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Coins feature Queen Elizabeth II’s effigy on the obverse and Australian native animals (e.g., kangaroo, lyrebird) on the reverse.
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Banknotes display portraits of prominent Australians, native wildlife, and cultural motifs, with advanced security features.
Mintages / Quantities / Honorees and Signatures:
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Coin and banknote designs have evolved, with commemorative issues released for national events and anniversaries.
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Banknotes bear signatures of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia.
Curiosities / Commemorative Coins:
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Australia issues commemorative coins in precious metals for collectors, celebrating historical events, cultural icons, and national achievements.
Current Circulation Status:
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The Australian dollar is the official currency of Australia and several Pacific island nations and is actively circulated.
Issuing Authority:
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The Reserve Bank of Australia is the sole issuer of banknotes and regulator of monetary policy.
Relevant Monetary Legislation:
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Currency Act 1965 established the Australian dollar and its decimal system.
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Reserve Bank Act 1959 governs the Reserve Bank’s functions.
Names and Titles on Banknotes:
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Banknotes are signed by the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia.
Persons Honored on Coins and Banknotes:
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Notable Australians such as Dame Nellie Melba, Banjo Paterson, Mary Reibey, and David Unaipon appear on banknotes.
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Coins feature native animals and symbols of Australian heritage.
Summary of Coins and Banknotes Currently in Circulation:
| Type | Denominations in Circulation |
|---|---|
| Coins | 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1, 2 dollars |
| Banknotes | 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 dollars |
This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Australian dollar’s financial history, highlighting its introduction in 1966, evolution, design features, and current status as a stable and widely used currency.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Australian_currency
- https://www.ramint.gov.au/sites/default/files/Coin%20timeline.pdf
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_dollar
- https://banknotes.rba.gov.au/australias-banknotes/history/
- https://www.cgaa.org/article/australian-money
- https://www.elevatepay.co/currency-encyclopedia/aud-australian-dollar
- https://www.xe.com/currency/aud-australian-dollar/
- https://currencyinformation.org/history-of-the-australian-dollar
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